The type of tree. First ask yourself whether the tree species is one which is known to have been used for bark removal, or whether the nature of the bark is comparable to known species. Not surprisingly, Indigenous people used the bark of particular kinds of trees for a reason. In eastern New South Wales, for instance, box trees and river red gums were commonly used by Indigenous people because the bark could be levered off in sufficiently large sections to be useful.
By extension, it is highly unlikely that introduced species would have been scarred by Indigenous people. The presence of axe marks. Because of regrowth around the margins of the scar, normally only upper and lower axe marks on a scar will be visible.
These will look like single or parallel lines at the top and base of the scar. Bear in mind that axe marks from stone axes are likely to be less sharp and clean than those from steel axes, because the angle at the point of a stone axe is less acute. Typical stone axe marks will look like broad, asymmetrical ‘bludgeon’ marks, with possible crushing of the underlying sapwood. Steel axes, on the other hand, will leave straight, narrow and often quite deep incisions.
Do not automatically discard the possibility of a tree being scarred by Indigenous people just because it has steel axe marks. Steel axes were highly valued by Indigenous people and were traded extensively throughout Australia long before any direct contact with Europeans. The existence of such marks therefore only dates a scar to after the initial European occupation of Sydney, rather than to the first direct incursion of Europeans into an area.
Europeans also removed bark from trees for roof shingles, or as sheets to cover a lean-to. Often they removed it by making zig-zag ‘herringbone’ cuts at the top and the bottom of the scar, which are readily identifiable. However, you need to be aware that in some areas Indigenous people produced similar ‘herringbone’ patterning when removing bark for roofing material. Comparing stone and steel axe marks. Stone axes typically leave broad, asymmetrical ‘bludgeon’ marks, sometimes accompanied by crushing of the underlying sapwood. Cut marks from steel axes, on the other hand, tend to be much deeper, straighter and narrower.
There has been much hype in recent years about the advent of a new era in drive: the fuel efficient era. With car manufacturers scrambling to invent the latest fuel saving technologies and pointing to green manufacturing techniques as a symbol of their commitment to preserving the economy, buyers are responding with generous dollars.
Pontiac, a manufacturer that has been lauded for their cutting-edge designs and cars made for speed – has three new cars hitting the streets and saving divers gas – the G6 Sedan, Vibe, and the G5. Here’s what you can expect from each of these models:
G6 Sedan
The G6 Sedan pulls in an estimated 30 miles per gallon on the highway, giving it about the same in fuel economy as the Toyota Camry. However, the G6 has more standard horsepower and is less expensive than its Toyota counterpart.
The G6 is also noted for its safety features, which include dual stage front and side impact air bags. Anti lock brakes come standard with extra traction control. OnStar is also available for free for one year and XM radio comes with 3 free months.
Vibe
The Pontiac Vibe was named a 2008 Coolest New Car Under $18,000 by Kelley Blue Book and is noted for having more fuel economy than many hybrid cars. With an estimated 32 miles per gallon highways fuel efficiency, this car can not only get you going, but it can get you there for less. Plus, this car comes equipped with 5 full doors and pulls you along at a surprising 130 horsepower.
To keep you safe, the Pontiac Vibe has StabiliTrak stability control and six standard airbags to protect passengers. Drivers will also enjoy one free year of OnStar and can take advantage of the XM Satellite Radio. While this car is a tiny one, it packs in a surprising 49 feet of storage with a full cargo management system.
G5
Pontiac’s G5 has the greatest fuel economy of all of the Pontiac models, pulling in 35 miles to the gallon – more than the Civic Si! While this car can book it down the highway without costing you big bucks, the real beauty comes from its features. Drivers can enjoy 4 wheel anti-lock brakes, tire pressure monitoring and a full 100,000-mile or 5-year powertrain limited warranty.
Plus, to add a little kick to that drive, the car comes with a full year paid of OnStar and 3 paid months of XM Satellite Radio.
Pontiac is not only a leader in smart (and sexy) car design, but it is now showing that it can truly hold its own in the world of fuel economy and savings. Each car is loaded with features that will leave you coming back to Pontiac for the newest and greatest technologies year after year.
Does the airflow throughout your house feel way more humid than it should? If it does, you are one of many people who probably have a difficult time regulating the humidity level throughout your house. One way to get your humidity under control and reduce it throughout your entire household is to start up a dehumidifier. There are many great dehumidifiers on the market, but most of them cannot compare to the power of the Santa Fe dehumidifier.
The Santa Fe dehumidifiers company has been around for a long time. They are a well-established company that has been manufacturing trustworthy dehumidifiers for years. They offer different types of dehumidifiers that help keep your air drier at your home, work, and at other indoor places of recreation.
The only downfall that comes with Santa Fe dehumidifiers is the fact that they are fairly expensive. Most people do not want to spend as much money as the Santa Fe company charges; upwards of one-thousand dollars. The cheapest model of Santa Fe dehumidifier that is offered costs roughly $1,000 dollars while a higher-priced model costs closer to $2,000 dollars.
The reason that the Santa Fe product line is high priced is because each of these dehumidifiers is able to remove the moisture-content from a very large area. If you have a big house, these will be a great investment. For smaller houses, you may want to look into a different brand of dehumidifier. Santa Fe’s “Max Dry Dual” dehumidifier is able to hold up to 300 pounds of water-content, which is significantly more than most dehumidifiers on the market.
If you can afford to buy a good dehumidifier in order to lower the humidity in your house, it will be well worth the investment. You will likely be able to sleep better at night and have a much easier time breathing than you normally would with a bunch of humidity bogging down your air. In addition to getting respiratory benefit, these appliances are able to prevent humidity from causing damage to your house. In order to keep your air clearer and healthier to inhale, it is recommended that you think about purchasing at least one dehumidifier to reduce the humidity level in your home.